Houdini licence : Engine, Core or FX?

I think it depends on which executable you are using - houdinicore, houdinifx, hython.
They will pick their respective licenses. Hython (called by Deadline) uses engine, but perhaps it can be forced to use a different one, dunno.
There is also the variable HOUDINI_SCRIPT_LICENSE, but this might not be what you are asking about.